"Formal Languages and Automata Theory" by Puntambekar is a well-structured textbook that covers the basics of formal languages, automata theory, and their applications. The book provides a clear and concise presentation of the subject matter, making it easy for students to understand and grasp the concepts.
Proving a language is not regular. Minimization of Finite Automata (Myhill-Nerode Theorem). Unit 2: Context-Free Grammars (CFG) and Languages (CFL) Chomsky Hierarchy of languages.
Free online course materials addressing introduction to automata and formal languages. If you are prepping for an upcoming exam, let me know: "Formal Languages and Automata Theory" by Puntambekar is
Introduces the stack mechanism that allows PDAs to recognize context-free languages.
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Focuses on the deep relationship between regular languages and finite automata, including the Pumping Lemma for Regular Languages (used to prove a language isn't regular), and key closure properties.
Both Google Books and Amazon offer a preview of the book. While not a full PDF, you can read up to 20% of the content and search for specific topics (e.g., "conversion of PDA to CFG").