Python 3 Deep Dive Part 4 Oop

You can inspect the lookup order using the .mro() method. Understanding MRO is vital when using super() , as super() does not necessarily call the parent class—it calls the next class in the MRO sequence. 5. Abstract Base Classes (ABCs)

Includes multiple large-scale projects, such as building a computer resource tracker and a bank account system with unit testing.

class Point: __slots__ = ('x', 'y') def __init__(self, x, y): self.x = x self.y = y

Encapsulation restricts direct access to an object's data, ensuring that it is modified only through legitimate methods. Accessible from anywhere.

By default, Python instances store their attributes inside a dynamic dictionary ( __dict__ ). This allows flexibility but introduces memory overhead due to the nature of hash tables. How __slots__ Works python 3 deep dive part 4 oop

class MetaSingleton(type): _instances = {} def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if cls not in cls._instances: cls._instances[cls] = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs) return cls._instances[cls]

print(D.)

class PluginBase: plugins = [] def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs): super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs) PluginBase.plugins.append(cls)

class CompactPoint: __slots__ = ('x', 'y') def __init__(self, x, y): self.x = x self.y = y Use code with caution. Performance Trade-offs : Drastically reduced footprint per instance. Speed : Faster attribute access times. You can inspect the lookup order using the

correctly, ensuring that method calls propagate through the inheritance chain without repetition or omission. Metaclasses: The Ultimate Abstraction The climax of Python OOP is Metaclasses

: This module explores the relationship between descriptors and properties, explaining how Python handles attribute lookup resolution behind the scenes.

Metaclasses are powerful but increase complexity. Use sparingly.

Faster attribute access, less memory, but no dynamic attributes. By default, Python instances store their attributes inside

Python supports multiple inheritance, allowing a class to inherit from more than one parent class. This introduces a structural vulnerability known as the , where a child class inherits from two parent classes that both share a common ancestor. The C3 Linearization Algorithm

Bottom().foo()

Consider this classic diamond hierarchy:

class Engine: def start(self): pass

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- Modèle 3D : Turbosquid (Acheté par Nunekas Rodrigues)

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Changelog

v1.0 - 2021-12-23

- Version initiale