-include-..-2f..-2f..-2f..-2froot-2f

Write in a professional tone, but accessible. Use code examples. Ensure keyword appears naturally throughout, especially in headings and body. Since keyword has special characters, we can write it as is or with code formatting.

The string contains several distinct components designed to manipulate file system paths: 1. The Prefix ( -include- ) -include-..-2F..-2F..-2F..-2Froot-2F

index.php?page=../../../../etc/passwd

With successful LFI, an attacker can read: Write in a professional tone, but accessible

In a vulnerable web application, an attacker might inject this string into a parameter that controls which file to load (e.g., ?page=... ). If the application uses a dangerous function like include($user_input) in PHP without proper sanitization, the attacker can force the server to include arbitrary files from the filesystem – including sensitive system files. Since keyword has special characters, we can write

Many web applications store database credentials in files like /var/www/html/config.php . Using -include-../../../../var/www/html/config.php (with appropriate encoding) would simply read the config file itself. But the root directory often contains even more sensitive data, such as .my.cnf (MySQL credentials for root) or .aws/credentials on cloud servers.